Ecstasy, the Brain, and Serotonin (MIA) :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Rapture, the Brain, and Serotonin (MIA) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or rapture, is an engineered, psychoactive medication with energizer and stimulating properties. Happiness is a regularly discussed tranquilize because of its ongoing ubiquity and quick spread among young people particularly. Numerous papers and magazines have included articles in the previous 5 years featuring the risk of this handily made medication, and its wild use in the club/rave scene of practically all Western nations. The total impacts of delight are as yet obscure, albeit much exploration has been created that shows the malicious impacts of the medication on the mind. Rapture is likewise questionable on the grounds that the substance of pills differs generally; purchasers and now and again venders don't generally have the foggiest idea what every pill comprises of (1). The consequences of a study distributed in 2002 set out to look at the pervasiveness and examples of euphoria use among undergrads, and to decide attributes, related practices, and interests of delight clients. These outcomes demonstrated that from 1997-1999, euphoria utilize expanded fundamentally in each school subgroup aside from noncompetitive schools. The variable most firmly connected with euphoria utilize was seen as weed. As far as social setting, MDMA clients were bound to invest a lot of energy mingling, go to private schools, and have a place with a society or sorority. The main investigation that gave direct proof that incessant utilization of rapture causes mind harm was distributed in 1999. The examination utilized propelled cerebrum imaging procedures (PET output) to show that MDMA hurts neurons that discharge serotonin, a compound that is thought to assume a significant job in memory, among different capacities. The PET sweeps demonstrated huge decreases in the quantity of serotonin transporters, the destinations on neuron surfaces that reabsorb serotonin from the space between cells after it has finished its work. The enduring decrease of serotonin transporters happened all through the cerebrum. This examination and others recommend that mind harm and the measure of MDMA ingested are legitimately connected (2). Be that as it may, what are the utilitarian outcomes? The practical outcomes of happiness use have quite recently started to be investigated in the previous hardly any years. Another investigation, distributed in 2000, found that substantial happiness clients (30-1000 events) instead of non-joy clients, detailed altogether higher scores on tests for somatisation, obsessionality, tension, antagonistic vibe, phobic-uneasiness, distrustful ideation, psychoticism, poor craving, a fretful or upset rest. Another fascinating impact of MDMA discovered was a fundamentally further extent of impulsivity.

Pneumonia Aetiology and Pathophysiology

Question: Talk about thePneumonia for Etiology and Pathophysiology. Answer: The Etiology of Bacterial Pneumonia The aggravation of alveoli in the lungs is known as Pneumonia. Breathing issue related with hack, high fever, dormancy, and sentiment of dizziness is normal. The most widely recognized reason for pneumonia during pregnancy is Community procured pneumonia. Top is answerable for some passings in the Asian landmass (Lozano et al, 2010). The primary causal living beings of network obtained pneumonia are microscopic organisms like streptococcus pneumonia, staphylococcus aureus, mycoplasma pneumonia, heamophilus flu and chlamydophila pneumoniae legionella pneumoniae, and so on. Gram positive microscopic organisms liable for causing pneumonia incorporates essentially Streptococcus pneumoniae-it is one of the most widely recognized causal life forms of pneumonia. (Peto et al, 2014). It is a gram positive facultative anaerobe. It lives in the nasopharynx and influences the respiratory tract, nasal cavity and sinuses if there should arise an occurrence of contamination. The significant danger of contamination is for more established individuals and individuals with incessant disease. Extreme contamination could prompt upper respiratory disorders.Staphylococcus aureus fundamentally taint the medication abusers or patients with intentional ailment and interminable maladies. The disease makes it route to the lungs through blood.Legionella pneumophilla is available essentially in warm and still water and contaminates in summer. It could be available in cooling frameworks and debased water framework. Gram contrary microorganisms taint individuals who have immunodeficiency or the individuals who get hospitalized. Past anti-microbial treatment is additionally a main consideration. Klebsiella pneumoniae taint individuals experiencing diabetes, COPD or the individuals who are alcoholic. (Musher, D. M. what's more, Thorner, A. R., 2012, Oct 23). Haemophilus flu contaminates essentially in winter tainting the upper respiratory tract. (Porth and Bruyere, H J., 2009). Patients having COPD, with low insusceptibility asthma or conscious infections are essentially in danger. Pathophysiology of Bacterial Pneumonia Regularly microbes are available in the respiratory tract. To cause pneumonia the microorganisms show high development rate, low resistance or nearness of destructive types of the life form. The pathogenic microscopic organisms make it route to the alveoli lung contamination. Low invulnerability is likewise a central point for the contamination. The alveolar macrophages neglect to act against the harmful pathogens causing a serious contamination. A few microscopic organisms get clung to the tracheal covering making it hard to tidy them up. (Porth and Bruyere, H. J., 2009). Microscopic organisms may show high harmfulness rate because of improvement of protection from the regular anti-microbials. Mutative structure with a superior opposition can make trouble in treatment. Bacterial flagella and cilia helps in the development of the microbes, accordingly spreading the contamination turns out to be simple for the pathogen. Nearness of spore or cases offers points of interest to the microorganisms to be safe against the resistant arrangement of the individual. (Kamangar, N. 2015, Oct 8). Irritation in the lower respiratory tract happens on the expansion of the disease. The invulnerable cells causing the aggravation begin amassing in the alveoli and fill the air sac with discharge which influences the breath The potential explanations behind an individual to procure the illness incorporate the respiratory course where the pathogen is breathed in from the defiled environmental factors. It could be infectious, spreading from a tainted individual to the individuals who come in contact. Additionally in the medication abuser the course is through blood gracefully framework. Age, mal sustenance, smoking or because of other incessant ailments, immunosuppressing ailment like HIV adds to the disease. References Lozano, R et al. 2013. Worldwide and provincial mortality from235 reasons for death for 20 age bunches in1990 and 2010: a fundamental examination for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet; 380:2095-128. Recovered on 19 Sep 2016. Peto et al. (2014). The bacterial etiology of grown-up network obtained pneumonia in Asia: an efficient audit. Exchange of the regal society of tropical medication cleanliness. Vol 108, issue 6. 326-337. Doi:10.1093/trstmh/tru058. Kamangar, N. (2015). Bacterial pneumonia. Medscape.Viewed on 19 September 2016 fromhttps://emedicine.medscape.com/article/300157Porth, C, M, Bruyere, H, J. (2009). Bacterial pneumonia. Porth: Pathophysiology eighth Ed +Bruyere: 100 contextual investigations in pathophysiology. USA: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Musher, D.M. also, Thorner, A. R. (2014, Oct 23). Network gained pneumonia. The NewEngland Journal of Medicine. 371:1619. Doi: 10. 1056/NEJMra1312885. Recovered on 19 Sep 2016.

Effect of Ethylene on Musa Acuminata Ripeness

Impact of Ethylene on Musa Acuminata Ripeness Presentation The reason for the test is to decide if the measure of ethylene would influence the pace of readiness of Musa acuminata. It is conjectured that the measure of ethylene affects the pace of readiness of M. acuminata. The more the ethylene, the quicker M. acuminata will mature. This is on the grounds that it invigorates plant reaction when it gets to the plant tissue. It is theorized that the banana with two cuts of apple will mature the quickest, trailed by the banana with one cut of apple, lastly the benchmark group, which comprises of just a banana and no apples. Ethylene, otherwise called ethene, is a normally happening gas that is created by maturing organic products. The concoction equation for ethylene is C2H4. Ethylene, which is appeared in Figure 1, is an individual from the alkene family, which incorporates any substance that contains two carbons associated by a twofold security and two other single securities can be shaped for every carbon (1, 2, 3). Ethylene can be utilized purposefully to mature natural products. A few qualities of ethylene are that its fumes from a bubbling fluid are lighter than air and in this way can rise effectively, that it can without much of a stretch be touched off, that it isn't harmful in any way (4). Ethylene influences plants by impacting plants development, advancement, and to what extent they can be put away. Outside wellsprings of ethylene can likewise have comparable impact on organic products. An organic product creates altogether more ethylene during certain phases of its turn of events and when there are abiotic or biotic changes transpiring. A plant is influenced and impacted when it is presented to ethylene in nature encompassing it or when it is near an organic product that is creating unnecessary measures of ethylene. The fundamental reason for having outer wellsprings of ethylene is to age organic products (1). Ethylene must be delivered under a condition where there is sufficient oxygen and not all that quite a bit of carbon dioxide. A similar condition must occur for ethylene to impact the organic products. Ethylene is spread all through the natural product by dissemination. The pace of the creation and dissemination depends what the phase of plant advancement that the plant is experiencing (1). Climacteric organic products, for example, tomato, apple, pear, and melon, are those that expansion the measure of ethylene essentially during the way toward maturing. Then again, non-climacteric organic products, for example, grape, orange, and pineapple, are those natural products that don't deliver an extreme measure of ethylene during the way toward maturing (1). Ethylene can possibly influence close by tissue when it is delivered in climacteric organic products or natural products that are harmed. Instances of harmed organic products or vegetables are the point at which they are stripped, cut, cut, or any sort of readiness or preparing activities. For non-climacteric natural products that are not aging yet, ethylene can lessen or hinder the creation of itself. That implies that when it isn't maturing, an organic product that follows that rules won't age so quick since the creation of ethylene is halted by ethylene itself. At the point when climacteric organic products begin to age, the ethylene prompts its own combination and much more of ethylene is delivered. Along these lines, the convergence of ethylene in the natural product expands quickly and arrives at such a significant level, that outside ethylene source no longer has impacts on the organic product (1). There is little impact when the outer wellspring of ethylene for natural products like apples and bananas is diminished, in light of the fact that the organic product itself can oppose the dispersion and the natural product can create ethylene at a quick rate that surpasses the pace of dissemination of ethylene leaving the natural product to the encompassing (1). Outer ethylene source incorporates different plants, smoke, packed ethylene gas, and synthetic compounds that discharge ethylene. At the point when a natural product is has quite recently begun to age, the grouping of ethylene in the organic product is low. As of now, lessening outer ethylene source assists with easing back down or postpone the way toward aging fundamentally. At the point when an organic product is injured, which implies that it is harmed, the pace of the creation of ethylene increments. This prompts the natural product maturing sooner than typical or at a quicker rate. The connections among ethylene and the plants condition is likewise appeared in Figure 2 (1). Ethylene creation can be quickened when there is outer impact, for example, wounds or wounds on the natural product. This makes the natural product mature quicker since more ethylene was being delivered. Be that as it may, the aftereffect of outer impact and inner advancement eventually brings about something very similar making the organic product mature quicker. Therefore, it is hard to discern whether the natural product was maturing at a quicker rate since it was harmed or on the off chance that it was at that phase of plant advancement (5). Outside and inner ethylene sources like contamination, ethylene in the encompassing, ethylene creation, and stress, both abiotic and biotic, all influence the plant tissue. At the point when the plant tissue is impacted, it animates plant reactions, for example, delivering over the top measures of ethylene to begin the aging procedure (1). One way that this plant reaction can be deferred or eased back down is to store the organic product in a spot like the cooler, where the temperature would be low with the goal that the nature of the natural product can be safeguarded. Since ethylene must be delivered under a condition where there is sufficient oxygen and not all that much carbon dioxide, bringing down the measure of oxygen around the natural product can likewise hinder the way toward maturing. Moreover, the pace of the way toward maturing can likewise be diminished by expanding the measure of carbon dioxide around the zone so ethylene can't be delivered as successfully (1). Ethylene in bananas makes the banana lose chlorophyll and divert into a yellow shading from a green shading. At the point when ethylene is expelled or diminished, the shading changes can be deferred and the natural product can be put away for a more drawn out timeframe (1). Ethylene can make an organic product be relaxed and produce an alternate or more grounded smell, surface, and taste. Normally, matured organic products become better than unripe natural products. Likewise, the distinction of the measure of ascorbic corrosive between matured foods grown from the ground organic products isn't extremely huge (1). Figure 1: Ethylene Figure 2: Ethylene associations with plants and condition Reference index Saltreit, Mikal E. Impact of Ethylene on Quality of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. Postharvest Biology and Techonology 15 (1999): 279-92. 11 Nov. 1998. Web. 27 Oct. 2016. http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/records/datastore/234-2189.pdf. ethylene (H2C=CH2). Reference book Britannia. Reference book Britannica Online. Reference book Britannica Inc., 2016. Web. 19 Oct. 2016. http://www.britannica.com/science/ethylene. OLeary, Donal. Alkenes Chemical Properties. Alkenes. 2000. Web 29 Oct. 2016 http://www.ucc.ie/scholarly/chem/dolchem/html/dict/alkenes.html. ETHYLENE. National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2016. http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ethene#section=Top. Abe, Kazuhiro, and Alley E. Watada. Ethylene Absorbent to Maintain Quality of Lightly Processed Fruits and Vegetables. Diary of Food Science 56 (1991): 1589-592. Web. 19. Oct. 2016. http://ucanr.edu/datastoreFiles/234-1777.pdf.

Medicare and Medicaid-SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medicare and Medicaid-SLP - Essay Example Aside from Pharmaceutical labelers that allude to sedate earlier endorsement data provided with the medication by the CMS, the Automated Voice Response System (AVRS) is utilized to strengthen the Drug Prior Approval process. Through AVRS drug store suppliers can ask about or enter a solicitation for a medication earlier endorsement by means of either a touch-tone or rotating dial telephone, (www.hfs.illinois.gov/avrs, 2009). The State of Illinois has the All Kids clinical protection program. Under this program, kids who have no clinical spread in light of the fact that their folks can't manage the cost of protection premiums are secured at rates their folks can bear. The point of the program is to guarantee that all youngsters profit by clinical inclusion regardless of what their attributed economic wellbeing. They are secured under far reaching, reasonable medical coverage, paying little mind to family salary, migration status or wellbeing condition, (www.allkids.com, 2009). Under the program kids can get to emergency clinics, medication and doctors when the need emerges. The program perceives the way that each kid has the right to grow up sound with no clinical segregation. It covers specialist calls, hospitalization, endorsed drugs, optician visits, dental registration, eyeglasses, ordinary registration and inoculation shots. Different administrations like clinical hardware, language training and exercise based recuperation are additionally canvassed for the youngsters out of luck. Anybody 18 years and beneath living in Illinois is a potential possibility for All Kids, given that they are not in a situation to bear the cost of customary medicinal services from ordinary projects. There is no pay limit since every uninsured child can meet all requirements for All Kids paying little heed to what their folks acquire. All Kids is unique in relation to the State’s Comprehensive Health Insurance Plan (Chip). CHIP is supported mostly by member premiums and halfway by allocations of the state’s General Revenue

Maintaining Internet Privacy essays

Keeping up Internet Privacy expositions Louisiana law expresses Each individual will be secure in his individual, property, interchanges, houses, papers, and impacts against outlandish hunts, seizures, or intrusions of protection. (Article I, 5, p.3) Does this apply in agreement to online security? Louisiana has numerous particular laws and guidelines that secure the communitys protection. The laws shield the network from unlawful utilization of the Internet (i.e., Cyberstalking, Unauthorized uncovering of individual data, and so on). I accept that Louisiana has a firm hold on these laws and authorizing criminal activity on the individuals who don't withstand. Over the past semi century the Internet has developed colossally and along these lines numerous orders for the security of the network have been set. Achievement cases, for example, McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission, Stanley v. Georgia, and Tattered Cover Inc. v. City of Thornton are all legal disputes that include the changing occasions and the implementation of protection and obscurity laws. I will address these legal disputes and a couple of others that Louisiana itself has run over, remembering an ongoing case for New Orleans that incorporates mysterious web based remarking and how it might connote something bigger and progressively noxious. Online protection in short is characterized as the privilege or order of individual security concerning the putting away, re-purposing, giving to outsiders, and showing of data relating to oneself through the Internet. What this mean is that we reserve the privilege to state what we need on the web however there are a few limitations on how we do and in what way we do it in. The Internet is brimming with a large number of individuals perusing and hanging tight for data, in this manner making the Internet the ideal medium among individuals and a brilliant entryway for gatecrashers of security. Individual data, for example, government disability numbers, drivers permit number, account numbers, Mastercard number and security codes are our own character. This security is ensured in L... <!

Investigation of the effect of the balanced scorecard on the Dissertation

Examination of the impact of the fair scorecard on the exhibition of the revenue driven associations - Dissertation Example The scientist expresses that it is essential to initially comprehend and fathom the fundamental idea of adjusted scorecard before exploring its effect on the exhibition of the associations. The decent scorecard gives another and changed methodology towards the administration of the presentation of the association. It is imperative to oversee, screen, and control the authoritative execution so as to ensure that the association can achieve the targets, vision, and mission characterized by the top administration. There have been a few research concentrates so as to comprehend the execution of the decent scorecard in powerful and proficient way. The examination study will be useful for the business experts and associations who are searching for the strategies and methods for fruitful execution of the decent scorecard vital device so as to deal with the general execution. The strategy for adjusted scorecard permits the association during the time spent distinguishing the issues with the p ast vital administration instruments being utilized and gives the association away from of the items and components which ought to be estimated and observed. This thusly permits the association to achieve the primary money related goals. The primary inspiration or support behind the examination study is to investigate the viability of the reasonable scorecard during the time spent expanding the general execution and benefits of the association. The methodology of adjusted scorecard has been increasing fast prevalence and is being utilized by a few associations as a vital administration tool.... The methodology of adjusted scorecard has been increasing quick ubiquity and is being utilized by a few associations as a key administration device (Geuser, Mooraj, and Oyon, 2009). Subsequently, it is critical to comprehend the variables which impact the effective execution of the fair scorecard. Along these lines, associations will have the option to utilize the fair scorecard in compelling and effective way and will stay away from any entanglements and negative ramifications. 1.5. Point and Objectives of the Research Study: The primary point behind this exploration study is: ‘to investigate the impact of the decent scorecard on the presentation of the for benefit organisations’. The destinations which will be attempted to satisfy by the exploration study are: To investigate the favorable circumstances and advantages of adjusted scorecard for the associations. To examine the connection between the execution of the decent scorecard and the presentation of the associatio n. To distinguish the distinctions in the presentation of the association which have actualized adjusted scorecard and the exhibition of the association which have not executed adjusted scorecard. 2. Writing REVIEW: 2.1. Review of Balanced Scorecard: A reasonable scorecard is a device used in an association to incorporate their targets, technique and execution. This instrument is remarkable as it very well may be utilized as an exhibition estimation framework, a key administration framework and a correspondence framework. A reasonable scorecard coordinates every business action of an association with its authoritative procedure, and evaluates the presentation of every business action in accomplishing a vital objective (Cardinaels, Paula, and Veen-Dirks, 2010). This in term helps the

The Return: Midnight Chapter 27

Stefan spun around and saw Bonnie, with just a towel folded over her, attempting to physical y control Elena, who was likewise clad. Elena's hair was wet and uncombed. Something had made her jump out of the washing pool and run legitimately into the hallway. Stefan was amazed by Damon's response. Was that a flash of alert in the unendingly dim eyes that had stayed apathetic viewing a thousand fiascos, catastrophes, brutalities? No, it couldn't be. Be that as it may, it positively appeared as though one. Elena was drawing nearer. Her voice rang out plainly through the hal way, which was extensive enough to give it a slight reverberation. â€Å"Damon! I see you! You stand by in that spot †I'm coming to murder you! â€Å" This time the flash was unquestionable. Damon looked at the window, which was mostly open. Then Bonnie had lost the battle and Elena was running like a gazel e toward the workplace. Her eyes, be that as it may, were certainly not doe-like. Stefan saw them sparkle hazardously as Elena herself escaped him †chiefly in light of the fact that he didn't set out snatch her by the towel, and each other piece of her was dangerous. Elena was currently confronting Damon, who had ascended from his seat. â€Å"How could you?†she cried. â€Å"Using Bonnie like that †Impacting her, tranquilizing her †al to get at what didn't have a place with you! Utilizing nearly al the Power that was left in Misao's star bal †what did you think Shinichi would do when you did that? He came after us, that is the thing that he did †and who knows whether the boardinghouse is Stillstanding?† Damon opened his mouth, yet Elena wasn't done. â€Å"And then to carry Bonnie to the Dark Dimension with you †I couldn't care less on the off chance that you would not like to squander opening the Gate or not. You realized you shouldn't be taking her here.† Damon was furious at this point. â€Å"I †â€Å" In any case, Elena cut him off without faltering. â€Å"Then once you drag her here you desert her. You leave her alarmed, alone, in a room where she's not even al owed to watch out of the window, with a col ection of star bal s that you don't try to analyze †yet which are totally unsatisfactory and give her bad dreams! You †â€Å" â€Å"If the little imbecile had quite recently had the sense to stand by unobtrusively †â€Å" â€Å"What? What did you say? â€Å" â€Å"I stated, if the little simpleton had quite recently had the sense †â€Å" Stefan, who was at that point moving, shut his eyes quickly. He opened them again so as to see the slap and to feel Elena placing al her Power into it. It snapped Damon's head around. What amazed him †despite the fact that he situated himself exactly if there should be an occurrence of it †was to see Damon's hand streak up as brisk as a cobra's strike. There was no fol ow-through, however Stefan had just picked Elena up in essence and pul ed her retreat from go. â€Å"Let go!†Elena cried, attempting to escape Stefan's arms, or if nothing else get her feet on the ground. â€Å"I'm going to murder him!† The following bewildering thing †suspending the crude rage that Stefan could feel flowing through Elena's emanation †was that Elena was real y winning the battle, regardless of the way that he was requests of extent more grounded than she was. Some portion of it had to do with the towel, which was taking steps to drop at any second. The other part was that Elena had obtained an interesting style of battling more grounded adversaries †in any event those with any soul. She intentionally tossed herself against any point where it would hurt her to limit her, and she didn't surrender. Possible y he would need to pick between harming her and releasing her. At that point, notwithstanding, Elena quit moving. She solidified, head turned as she looked behind him. Stefan looked in reverse as well, and felt an electrical stun shoot through him. Bonnie was standing straightforwardly behind them, taking a gander at Damon, her lips separated in anguish, tears in her wide earthy colored eyes and gushing down her cheeks. In a split second, even before he could enroll Elena's arguing look, Stefan discharged her. He comprehended: Her state of mind and the elements of this circumstance had recently been flipped around. Elena balanced her towel and went to Bonnie, however by then Bonnie was fleeing down the hall. Elena's more drawn out steps al owed her to arrive at Bonnie in a second and she got the smal er young lady and held her, less forcibly but rather more by careful attraction. â€Å"Don't stress over that snake, â€Å"Elena's voice returned to them unmistakably, as it was clearly intended to. â€Å"He's a †â€Å"And here Elena enjoyed some exceptionally imaginative reviling. Stefan could hear al of it unmistakably and saw that it severed into little quieting sounds similarly as Elena transformed into the entryway of the washing salon. Stefan looked sideways at Damon. He wouldn't fret battling his sibling at all at this moment; he was ful of anger himself in the interest of Bonnie. Be that as it may, Damon disregarded him as though he were a piece of the wal paper, gazing at nothing with a declaration of frosty rage. At that point Stefan heard a swoon sound from the most remote finish of the hall, which was a significant separation away. However, his vampire faculties educated him that clearly the individual in front was a lady of outcome, likely their lady. He ventured forward so that at any rate she could be welcomed by somebody who was wearing attire. Notwithstanding, ultimately, Elena and Bonnie showed up before him, clad in dresses †outfits, rather †that were both easygoing and works of virtuoso. Elena's was a casual robe of profound lapis blue, with her hair drying into a delicate brilliant mass around her shoulders. Bonnie was wearing something shorter and lighter: pale violet, shot with strings of silver in no specific example. The two outfits, Stefan got a handle on out of nowhere, would glance as great in the wearisome daylight as in a shut stay without any windows and gas lights. He recalled the tales Elena had told about Lady Ulma planning outfits for her, and he understood that whatever else his entertainer may be, she was really a virtuoso couturier. And afterward Elena was running, humble gold shoes flying, and Bonnie's silver shoes were fol owing and Stefan started to run as well, dreading some obscure risk. They al showed up at the furthest finish of the hal path simultaneously, and Stefan saw that the lady remaining there was dressed significantly more wonderfully than the young ladies. She was wearing a dark red crude silk outfit with an overwhelming precious stone and-ruby jewelry and ring †yet no arm bands. The following moment the young ladies were both curtseying, profound, smooth curtseys. Stefan made his best bow. Woman Ulma held out two hands to Elena, who appeared to be practically berserk over something that Stefan didn't comprehend. Elena took the all-encompassing hands, breathing rapidly and shal owly. â€Å"Lady Ulma †you're so slender †â€Å" Simply then the prattling of a child could be heard. Elena's face lit up and she grinned at Lady Ulma, letting out a brisk breath. A youthful worker †significantly more youthful looking than Bonnie †delicately put a small pack made of ribbon and sheerest garden into Lady Ulma's arms. Both Elena and Bonnie flickered away tears, al the while radiating at the youngster and making minimal hogwash clamors. Stefan could comprehend that †they'd known the Lady since she was a whip-torn slave, doing whatever it takes not to lose. â€Å"But how †?†Elena started spluttering. â€Å"We saw you just a couple of days back, yet this infant is months old †â€Å" â€Å"A not many days? Is that to what extent it appears to you?†asked Lady Ulma. â€Å"To us, it has been numerous months. Be that as it may, the enchantment Stillworks, Elena! Your enchantment remained! It was a simple conveyance †simple! And afterward Dr. Meggar says that you spared me before she experienced injury the maltreatment I experienced. She is attempting to talk as of now! It is you, Elena, it is your magic!† At this the Lady made a development as though to stoop at Elena's feet. She got no more distant than a couple of inches, however, in light of the fact that Elena got her hands, crying, â€Å"Lady Ulma, no!†while Stefan, at his best speed, slipped close to the young lady worker and got the Lady by her elbows, supporting her weight. â€Å"And I'm not magic,†Elena included. â€Å"Stefan, tel her that I'm not magic.† Respectfully, Stefan inclined toward the ear of the tal lady. â€Å"Elena is the most enchantment I've ever encountered,†he stage-murmured. â€Å"She has Powers that I can't even understand.† â€Å"Ahh!† Elena made a silent outcry of disappointment. â€Å"Do you comprehend what I'm naming her?†the Lady proceeded. Her face, if not customary y delightful, was striking, with a refined mix of Roman nose and high cheekbones. â€Å"No.†Elena grinned †and afterward â€Å"No!†Elena cried. â€Å"Please! Try not to sentence her to an existence of desires and dread. Try not to entice anybody to hurt her while she's Stilla kid. Goodness, Lady Ulma!† â€Å"But my dear savior†¦Ã¢â‚¬  At that point Elena started to oversee things. When she took a circumstance close by there was no chance not to float along with it. â€Å"Lady Ulma,†she said plainly, â€Å"forgive me for meddling in your issues. However, Bonnie has let me know †â€Å"She halted, wavered. â€Å"Of the difficulties of solid and cheerful little youngsters, generally poor or oppressed, who have assumed the names of the three most intrepid young ladies who at any point graced our world,†Lady Ulma completed for her. â€Å"Something like that,†Elena stated, flushing. â€Å"Nobody's cal ing themselves Damon,†put in the youthful medical caretaker sprightly y and with the most extreme goodwil . â€Å"Neither young men nor girls.† Stefan could have kissed her. â€Å"Oh, Lakshmi!†Elena embraced the frisky looking young person. â€Å"I didn't see you appropriately. Let me take a gander at you.†She held the young lady at a manageable distance. â€Å"Do you know, you've developed in any event an inch since I last observed you?â?

The Great Irish Famine Essays

The Great Irish Famine Essays The Great Irish Famine Essay The Great Irish Famine Essay English Government during the incredible starvation of Ireland somewhere in the range of 1845 and 1852. It will take a gander at the political Ideology that Inspired the open help works and how they neglected to offer alleviation from starvation, yet rather centered around achieving social change roused by to a great extent an anti;Loris assumption. It will likewise inspect the job of the soup kitchens that were set up to assault starvation conditions legitimately and how this spoke to and uncovered the Governments lies that they in certainty could have accomplished more to forestall the passings of such huge numbers of. Considered is likewise the job where Free Trade had during the starvation time frame, when nourishment was required most It kept on leaving the nation, just for the nourishment that arrived to be profoundly far off for those penniless whys just Income was from the generally ineffective Public Relief works. At the turn of 1 840 it was evaluated that the number of inhabitants in Ireland remained at around 8,000,000. At this point, some 40% of the populace were reliant on the potato for nourishment and even business. At the point when the curse hit Ireland In September 1 845 the ramification for the Irish poor would be decimating, yet as he starvation of 1782-84 illustrated, sensible, gave the legislature reacted in the right way . By late 1846 starvation conditions were spread all through Ireland, however most eminently the starvation had took on a provincial measurement, hitting places most noticeably awful In the South and West. Previously experiencing the impacts of decrease In exchange, neediness was at that point all around planted In places like Cosmonaut, In the West, and Muenster, In the South, years before the curse struck. As result, business moved eastbound to Dublin which left numerous jobless just before starvation. This droop in industry was likewise evilly felt in Britain following the breakdown of the railroad and corn exchange 1847-1848. This provoked enemy of Irish feeling when combined with starvation help. The Times sentenced any further British guide to Ireland, naming It as an out of line trouble on England and a lost mankind Annihilating Irish independence . This Industrial wretchedness agreed with the disappointment of the potato crop and was not selective to Ireland. It kept many separate from work and expanded their weakness to such an unanticipated occasion, prompting mass dejection . Ireland, under British control from 1 800, was regularly treated inadequately and even alluded o as the Prodigal child of the assembled Kingdom. With numerous presently jobless and starting to starve, government mediation was frantically required. Ruler John Russell who later became Prime Minister in 1846 Insisted that the obligation of help lay on the shoulders of Irish proprietors who should give work to the poor . In any case, following the serious harvest disappointments somewhere in the range of 1845 and 1848, joined with the droop in exchange, proprietors were progressively worried about attempting to off burden surplus laborers adolescent could Darrel Nora to pay.. Sir John Peel expressed to parliament his desire to exploit this disaster for presenting among the individuals of Ireland the preference for a superior and progressively certain arrangement for their help ND along these lines reducing the odds to which they will be continually obligated, of repeats of this extraordinary and secretive appearance. He accepted that Ireland was brimming with assets that solitary required business enterprise and a revitalized industry to be discharged and that the potato empowered the Irish populace to keep up a supposed lethargic and slothful way of life leaving no motivating force for the Irish ranchers to innovation their horticulture or the economy . Strip was persuaded that Irelands issues lay in foundation of their social backwardness. He saw maize, which would be economically imported from America, as a changeless substitute for the potato in the Irish eating regimen, and demanded that the rustic poor needed to become landless workers, working for compensation on the place where there is considerable ranchers. He was sure that if social rearrangement was joined by the test of organized commerce, private corn vendors would build up the maize exchange after it was liberated in this manner moving Ireland out of neediness . Following his vision, numerous neighborhood laborers near the very edge of desperation were cleared from the terrains which offered them cover and were constrained into icebreakers work which should offer help, an absence of intercession in the exchange business would permit the continuation of nourishment sends out while raising the costs of what entered the nation and many would be left to starve as the soup kitchens that end up being effective in assaulting the starvation, were closed down because of their absence of social re-association. Alleviation in Ireland was more centered around how to reorder society than how to battle starvation. The British Government yielded that the Irish poor required assistance, roused by the view that the neighborhood proprietors had flopped in their obligation. After little research by George Nicholls, a Commissioner of the English Poor, the new Irish Poor Law was set up. In view of the old British Poor Law, The point was for giving help, however was similarly, if not more in this way, set on achieving a lot of wanted social changes in Ireland, while additionally downplaying the job of the legislature . The fundamental arrangements of the 1838 Act directed that the nation would be part in to one hundred and thirty new associations. Every association must set up a workhouse for its nearby populace, which would be managed by the Assistant Commissioners who were to execute the demonstration in Ireland, following the augmentation of the current Poor Law Commissioners forces to Ireland. They would then make a Board of Guardians in every Union, 66% would be chosen and the other third was to be named. They would likewise help regulate the assortment of a neighborhood poor-rate to back the work house framework just as raise the assets for the helped resettlements that additionally occurred . By making alleviation a nearby charge, the legislature had the option to understand the since quite a while ago held desire that Irish property should bolster Irish neediness. Sir Charles I inversion administrator In drop AT Tamale reappoint was additionally a solid supporter AT moving the monetary weight for help on to the Poor Law. He felt that by putting the obligation upon the nearby ratepayers, less examples of misuse and over-spending were probably going to happen . After 1846 the administration picked open work as a methods for lightening the trouble. This arrangement was viewed as heartbreaking. The workhouses were intended to house around 100,000 dejected individuals, which missed the mark regarding the 2,400,000 the illustrious commission had proclaimed in 1836 as to be in a condition of neediness. The works were of little advantage to the network, and as component for sparing lives they bombed hugely . Planned for disheartening pauperism by an unforgiving system of work, diet and accumulation by age and sex , the workhouse framework fit Sir John Peels vision for social change and long haul improvement in Ireland . An enormous analysis was focused on the expense contrasted with the impact the workhouses had on battling the states of starvation. By March 1847 the all out expense of the works had reached nearly and was commonly considered to have been generally wasted, giving neither long haul advantage to Ireland, nor transient alleviation to the poor . Throughout the winter of 1846-47 help in the work houses was reliant on embraced hard, physical work and wages were paid by work utilized. This put the individuals who were at that point feeble or weakened by lack of healthy sustenance, off guard. Because of the high permissions, compensation were terribly deficient at under eight pence every day and made what nourishment that was accessible on the private market absurd because of the rising costs on account of the legislatures absence of intercession in unhindered commerce. Poor people and packed states of the workhouses likewise added to the spread of fever which added to the loss of life realized by starvation conditions. James Hack Take, on a philanthropic crucial Dongle in the bury of 1846, reviews the condition of the workhouses he visited. The day preceding they had yet one dinner of cereal and water, and at the hour of our visit had not adequate nourishment in the house for the days flexibly. Their bedding comprised of filthy straw, in which they were laid in lines on the floor; even upwards of six people being packed under one mat; and we didn't see a cover by any means. The rooms were not really endurable for rottenness. The living and the perishing were extended one next to the other underneath the equivalent hopeless covering. No big surprise that infection and epidemic were filling the hospital and that the pale, worn down face of the or young men and young ladies recounted sufferings, which it was difficult to think about without feel sorry for . I en puddle works were ten single most costly Item AT Famine reappoint prop the British and brought about a further difference in approach . In February 1847 The Temporary Relief Act was presented and Soup Kitchens were opened all through Ireland to convey free nourishment. The criticalness of their appearance is significant for different reasons. Following the droop in industry of 1847 which left numerous English industrial facility shut, Travelers demanded that the London Treasury didn't have the satisfactory accounts to help British joblessness, and surely didn't survey the managerial capacity or fund to take care of such an enormous number of starving individuals in Ireland. He likewise included reaction to the open works, that no legislature had accomplished more to help its poor than Britain had done during the starvation years . In any case, Parliament casted a ballot that would be given to the Temporary Relief act which at its pinnacle saw more than 3 million individuals get nourishment proportions day by day, making it independently the most benefited of the help measure.

Vegetarian diets what are the advantages - Free Essay Example

Introduction Background: Nowadays there are no longer abnormal to hear or find someone is a vegetarian. And more and more vegetarian hold together to call out that being a vegetarian is of great benefit. Therefore, many people adopt to a vegetarian diet. In this essay, I want to figure out why they choose to be a vegetarian, and what benefit can being a vegetarian bring. The essay is consist of three parts: what is vegetarian, why people choose to be a vegetarian, and the advantages of Vegetarian Diets. When it goes to vegetarian, most of us may think: oh, strange people that only eat vegetable. However, that is not the case. There are many types of vegetarian. Beardsworth and Keil (1991b, 1992) have proposed that vegetarianism is better measured as a continuum of categories, measuring the progressive degree to which animal foods are avoided. At one end of the spectrum are Type I vegetarians, those who consider themselves vegetarian, yet occasionally eat red meat or poultry. Type II vegetarians avoid consuming meat and poultry, Type III vegetarians also avoid fish, Type IV also exclude eggs, and Type V exclude dairy products produced with rennet. At the opposite end of the spectrum are Type VI vegetarians, or vegans, who consume only vegetable-derived foods, avoiding all animal-derived food products [1]. Generally speaking, vegetarian diets provide relatively large amounts of cereals, pulses, nuts, fruits and vegetables. In terms of nutrients, vegetarian diets are usually rich in carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamin C, and low in protein, saturated fat, vitamin B12; vegans may have particularly low intakes of vitamin B12 and low intakes of Ca [2]. The reason why people choose to be a vegetarian vary a lot, for example, for healthy consideration, because of religion belief, or performance ethics, economical causes, animal rights and so on [3]. There is often more than one reason why people switch to vegetarians. Being a vegetarian brings several advantages that being a meat eater cant have. The first advantage is that vegetarians can be healthier. Studies of vegetarians and vegans have shown that on average they have a relatively low BMI and a low plasma cholesterol concentration; recent studies have also shown higher plasma homocysteine concentrations than in non-vegetarians. Overall, the data suggest that the health of Western vegetarians is good and similar to that of comparable non-vegetarians [2]. The second is that vegetarians can be more beautiful. The use of vegetarian methods to lose weight is quite effective. Vegetarian food can make the blood slightly alkaline and promote metabolic activities, thus burning off the fat and sugar accumulated in the body to achieve the purpose of natural weight loss. Keeping vegetarianism help organs work actively, and the skin can be tender and smoother. It is said that vegetarian is a kind of beauty method from inside to outside. The third is that vegetarians can be more focused and clever. It is not a joke, it has been proved by scientific evidence. Because gluten is the mainly nutrients that make the brain cells active, followed by vitamin B, while vegetables such as cereals and beans are rich of gluten and vitamin B as are mentioned above. Taking energy from these things three meals a day can enhance peoples wisdom and judgment, making it easy to relax and increase concentration. Finally, its ecological. The land needed to produce a pound of beef can produce ten pounds of vegetative protein. Although an individual switching to a vegetarian diet is of little help, everything starts with ourselves, and every little drop counts. However, vegetarian is just a life style that we are not so familiar to. Before we adopt to vegetarianism, we should think it over, seriously and carefully, reminding ourselves that not everyone suits for vegetarianism. References list [1] Matthew B., Vegetarianism. A blossoming field of study (2012) Appetite 58,141â€Å"150 [2] Timothy J. Key*, Paul N. Appleby and Magdalena S. Rosell, Health effects of vegetarian and vegan diets (2006). Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 65, 35â€Å"41 [3] Claus Leitzmann, Vegetarian Diets: What Are the Advantages? (2005) Elmadfa I (ed): Diet Diversification and Health Promotion. Forum Nutr. Basel, Karger, vol 57, p 147â€Å"156

Global Managerial Economics - 4675 Words

Global Managerial Economics (Essay Sample) Content: Name Professor Subject Date Global Managerial Economics The small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) form a crucial part of the U.S. economy. The SMEs create the most jobs in the country; they target the ordinary Americans for employment thus making them a very important component of the economy. Without the SMEs, the economy will bleed millions of jobs, adversely affecting the economy. This is the reasoning behind the drive by President Obama to give this sector newly acquired impetus and promote it to create more jobs for Americans and grow the economy. The target of the National Export Initiative (NEI) is to boost the export capacity of the SMEs in the U.S. by supporting them; the administration reasons that this will result in the creation of two million jobs. The intention is good, but the challenge lie in the operationalization of the policy and ensuring it works in the actual market (Audretsch, 100). The international market and the export market is often dominated by the big corporations with many resources to invest; this makes them strong and gives them the ability to compete with the big corporations that are players in the international market. The SMEs form the U.S. lack, the resources, know how, and the experience to compete with the established world trade players form the Europe Union, China, and India. This is where the Export Promotion Cabinet steps in to help the U.S. SMEs succeed in the competitive export market (Audretsch, 101). The cabinet should take action to remove both foreign and domestic barriers that curtail the SMEs players in the country to participate in the export market. Such barriers give the larger corporations the edge in the market and make it difficult for the SMEs to compete on a level playing field. Some of these barriers include (Mauro and Shah, 23): Domestic Barriers SMEs have difficulties accessing both trade finance and working capital. This challenge prevents them from financing purchases by foreign companies that might be interested; this means that external buyers prefer suppliers that can extend credit. The support from banks and financial institutions is not good; this makes it hard for the SMEs to obtain the finances they badly need to grow the businesses and expand their operations to include exports. This is the case especially since most of the SMEs are startups and lack enough collateral, banks consider than higher risk compared to the larger corporations (Mauro and Shah, 35). The community banks that might be willing to support the SMEs often lack familiarity with exporting and what it entails. The U.S government regulation poses another challenge to the SMEs prospects of participating in the export market. The process that is involved for a firm to be allowed to make exports is lengthy and cumbersome and involves much paperwork; the process is also costly, taking it out of reach for the SMEs. It is difficult to obtain visas that are crucial in the export business; to bring in potential customers or partners to view the local operations of the firm, or to bring in employees for training. This makes it hard for the SMEs to grow in the business. The tariffs charged on imported intermediate input goods that might be needed by the SMEs for their production are prohibitive (Mauro and Shah, 76). Other domestic barriers include high-transport costs. Port bottlenecks when trying to export and container shortages. The lack of economies of scale within the SMEs limits their export potential. Foreign Barriers Foreign government regulations play a big role in discouraging SMEs export form the U.S. The various certification, quality, labeling, and design requirements from country to country make it costly for the SMEs to cope financially and, therefore, unable to support their export endeavors. The protection of intellectual property (IP) is not adequate, and so is the enforcement of the IP laws in the international market; the SMEs thus lose their competitive edge against the larger organizations. Other challenges include the lengthy and opaque customs processes, high foreign import tariffs, restrictive quotas, bans also affect the SMEs. Costly sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) also discourage the SMEs from participating in exports (Mauro and Shah, 56). The knowledge of the foreign markets is limited; this means the SMEs cannot locate and analyze the foreign markets; the SMEs, therefore, lack the advantage of knowing the potential customers and knowing their needs before they design their products to fit the market. The SMEs are also unable to contact their potential overseas customers. The problem of language and cultural barriers also comes to play; as a result, the SMEs are unable to market effectively and understand the traditions of their target markets (Mauro and Shah, 100). Strategies to Overcome these Challenges The SMEs operators and owners should be made aware of the government programs that have been put in place to aid the SMEs to make the move into the export business and compete favorably. Some of these programs include the U.S. Small Business Administration, Export and Import Bank, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and other government agencies. The Export and Import Bank plays a crucial role in the economy; it supports U.S. firms to export their goods abroad. It will, therefore, be crucial for the SMEs since it will support them financially in collaboration with other financial firms. Furthermore, the cabinet will aim to support the SMEs financially, it will seek to change the attitude of the financial sector towards SMEs as high risk and view them as partners that if supported will develop profitable relationships. The government should remove or reduce the financial and administrative regulations that are curtailing the SMEs efforts to move into the export business. For example, the government can reduce the import tariffs it charges on the inputs, to enable them to obtain these intermediate inputs to produce their finished products (Masato, 123). Seek a competitive exchange rate. The relative price of commodities is the biggest hindrance of exports. The government through the cabinet can make efforts to ensure the dollar is not overvalued with respect to currencies in Asia including those of Taiwan, China, Singapore, and Hong Kong. This puts the SMEs from the U.S. at a disadvantage to those firms form this region. The government should seek policies with the international community that will allow the SMEs to thrive. The tariffs that the exports are charged should be addressed through Free Trade Agreements and other bilateral trade agreements that will ensure the SMEs are protected (Masato, 126). The domestic consumers should support the SMEs by purchasing their goods locally; this will give them a basis to build on before they start the export business. The SMEs operators should be trained on the international market. The export business is unique and different from the local markets; it will, therefore, be helpful to the SME operators to be trained on the legal requirements and other specifications needed for them to operate in the international market. Information such as the tariffs charged goods, the packaging, labeling, and design specifications; these vary from country to country. This training is especially crucial for the first-time exporters, they need to understand what is required of them, and how their firms are supposed to conduct themselves in the international market, the rules of engagement with other firms in the market and their legal obligations (Masato, 154). The SMEs involve the ordinary Americans in business, supporting this sector will translate to the creation of millions of jobs for them and also growing the economy. The increase in exports from the U.S. will give the GDP of the country a big boost. The service industry will receive a massive boost since more Americans will have disposable income to spend. Trade missions can be sent abroad to create awareness of the firms in the U.S and their potential; this will attract investors and new businesses into the U.S., therefore, winning support for the SMEs. This will also focus the international investor and trade community on the U.S. SMEs sector and take the focus from the larger firms. This will stand the SMEs in good stead going forward. The missions abroad should target the upcoming markets like China, Brazil, India, and also the European Union. The upcoming markets are a good target since they have the fastest growing middle class and thus a growing demand for goods and services (Masato, 171). The small business I am thinking about is the export of cell phone technology and applications together with innovative gadgets to run them. The first challenge this SME will face will be the massive competition it will face in the market from the established and larger multinational companies like Samsung and Apple. To surmount this challenge, the company has to produce goods that standout, goods that solve problems in society, and that will, therefore, strike a rapport with the customers and give it an edge over the other global giant corporations. The ensuing economic conditions in the market do not favor SMEs, the tariffs charged to import the raw materials and pre-products for the production of the intended software and gadgets are punitive and favor the larger corporations. The exchange rate also does not help the SMEs; the fact that some of the Asian economies undervalue their currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar means that the SMEs do not get good value for their investments. It makes exporting goods costly and most importantly drives the prices of the goods produced through the roof and makes them unattractive in the market (McCormack, 117). The industry is volatile; there are constant changes in technology with cutting edge innovation taking place. The SMEs need t...

What Should You Know About Policy Change Essay Topics?

What Should You Know About Policy Change Essay Topics?To prepare for a policy change essay, you will need to research on the topic and familiarize yourself with the body of the essay. This will give you an edge in getting through a difficult essay. The goal is to prepare a plan that you can use when you go to college to find an appropriate job upon graduation.While you may not think about this as part of your planning process, think about the name change for a moment. When you are searching for a new job, you may find it hard to get your name changed because of your employer's recognition that you are a woman. Your name may have been in their files for so long that they do not realize that you have just become a woman. If you did your research before you started looking for a new job, you will be able to inform them about the name change that you have just made.Researching on policy change essay topics is one of the most important things that you can do. You want to be prepared for t he essay so that you will be able to present the most effective version of yourself. In other words, you want to be familiar with the rules of the game.Writing policy change essay topics involves more than knowledge. It is about your current situation and experiences that will help you inform employers who hire you. For example, if you are a mother of three children and have always worked to support these children, your perspective on how to best support them will help to determine your policy. If you have multiple sources of income, your thoughts and experiences will help you decide what type of policy to obtain.When you are researching policy change essay topics, it is important to think about your lifestyle. If you have two jobs and work from home, the school might expect you to take classes as well. It is important that you keep in mind your financial situation as well as your personal preferences.Research essay topics will require you to know more about the topic that you are r esearching. You will need to have experience with the subject. If you have worked in a job that required you to work on policy changes, you will need to have some experience. For example, if you wrote a book about a specific subject, then you will be more knowledgeable about the subject and will be better prepared to write an essay.When you are preparing for a policy change essay, be sure to be realistic about the type of education that you will need to obtain. If you are going to be a nurse or physician, then you will need to have a degree from a qualified program. Otherwise, you may need to take classes that are at least a year long to get the needed education.

A Rogerian Analysis of the Debate over Arizonas...

A Rogerian Analysis of the Debate over Arizonas Immigration Law 1. An introduction to the problem and a demonstration that the opponents position is understood. Americas illegal immigration problem is one of the most remarkable failures of the U.S. federal government. Undocumented illegal immigrants, many in our very own neighborhoods, are able evade the reach of our nations laws and regulations with remarkable ease. This is a huge source of anxiety for many tax-paying Americans, who perceive illegal immigrants as a strain on our public goods More pragmatically, illegal immigration causes economic uncertainty for Americans. Employers do not know what their payroll is going to look like and how the hiring of undocumented immigrants will affect their business. Moreover, the current illegal immigration problem promotes the exploitation of illegal immigrants for labor. Illegal immigrants, because of their precarious legal position, are often employed at sub-standard wages, without the employee benefits or job security enjoyed by U.S. residents. Arizonas new immigration law seeks to correct this problem by bringing illegal immigration out into the light. The law would require all immigrants to carry immigration papers on them at all times. (Archibold, 2010). In addition, it gives the police the authority to arrest and detain anyone that they suspect of being an illegal immigrant. Those people found to be in the country illegally will be sent back to their home

China s Effect On Child Labor - 1912 Words

Imagine a twelve year old child getting up every morning going to work in a factory instead of going to school to get an education. Yes this is the reality in China for many young children. While here is the US many children at the age of 12 are in elementary school, children in China are working in factory industries making toys and other goods to export out to the US and other countries. For years, China has engaged in the use of child labor, wage levels below international standards, and unsafe ergonomic conditions. Some facts about China is that they are a communist country and currently the president of China is Xi Jinping. They have the largest population of people in the world with more than 1.3 billion people. There was a one child policy per couple in effect and that policy has recently been amended. A few of their major cities like Dogguan, and Tianjin have been found guilty of child labor abuse (Asianhistory.About, 2014). China entered the WTO in December 2001. It had been a long process of negations with the WTO formerly the GATT. For China this was a big step. The process took about 15 years before China was accessioned into the WTO. According to an article â€Å"Free trade† it took this long mainly due to getting the country’s politics and policy making process to produce conditions that would allow them to submit a bid into the WTO and eventually become part of the WTO (Harold, 2008). Once China became part of the WTO they have tremendous economic growth.Show MoreRelatedExpanding The Ice Cream Shops Into China1092 Words   |  5 PagesCream Shops into China we will compare our U.S. business practices to those in China. We will specifically take a look at the Marketing Mix and 4 P’s of marketing (Product, Price, Promotion, and Place) to begin addressing our potential marketing strategies; we will need to be prepared to refine our products appeal for the Chinese consumer. 1. 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Obesity and Eating Disorders The Two Extreme Eating...

On the eating spectrum, there seems to be two opposite extremes, obesity and eating disorders. Most people would categorize their eating behavior as normal or between these two extremes. However, these two conditions are still prevalent in society today. Although rare, eating disorders and obesity have a long history of origin. These conditions, while requiring attention and response, created other concepts and theories. Restraint theory is one that stemmed from curious minds of different eating behavior. Through the progression of the theory, many dependent variables have been tested to see the effects on restraint eating. However, the connection of soda or sugary drink consumption has not been investigated yet. There may be a connection†¦show more content†¦They also drink sugary beverages such as soda and energy drinks that contains the same or more calories. However, research on restraint theory has never used a liquid preload. The use of a liquid preload in this resear ch can stem new findings that associates it with disinhibited eating and the restraint theory. The objective is to determine whether or not there is an effect of disinhibited eating when participants with high restraint are given a liquid preload. The liquid preload soda is hypothesized to cause high restraint eaters to eat the most. Apple juice will have an intermediate effect and water will have the least effect of restrained eaters. Participants that will not receive a preload will not exhibit disinhibited eating. Methods Participants The experiment will take place in a lab room located in the Griffith building at the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia. The room will be able to accommodate seven participants per session. Individuals that adhere to a restrictive diet for health or religious reasons such as kosher, gluten free, vegan, etc will be excluded from the study. 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Johnston Farmingdale State College Due November 24th 2014 â€Æ' An eating disorder is a disorder that specifically focuses on the person’s weight and these behaviors are so detrimental not only to their performance in their everyday life but to their physical health. According to Hoeksema (2014) eating disorders can be characterized in three ways which include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. AnorexiaRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1303 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasing number of cases of eating disorders. According to a National Institute of Mental Health article (Eating Disorders, 2016), an eating disorder is an illness that causes physical disturbance to your everyday diet. A person who is stressed or concerned about their body weight is a sign that he or she might have an eating disorder. Out of all the eating disorders, the two most common are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder where people, who are underweightRead MoreHow Are Eating Disorders Affecting Our Health?907 Words   |  4 PagesHow are eating disorders affecting our health? An eating disorder is an illness that causes serious disturbances to your everyday diet, such as eating extremely small amounts of food or severely overeating (NIMH, Eating Disorders). Eating disorders start when the mind conjures up a nonrealistic conception of their own body. Disorders can be acquired through numerous ways such as; genetics, neurological transmitters in the brain, personality, social and environmental factors, stress, and most commonlyRead MoreObesity Is A Condition Of Excess Body Fat1228 Words   |  5 PagesObesity in America The US has always had a reputation for the struggle we have with obesity. Obesity is a condition of excess body fat. Obesity can affect any person from young children to older adults. A study done by the Centers of Disease Control and preventions showed that since 1980, one third of our adult population has become overweight. Many Americans are trying to fight the battle against obesity. Many aren’t winning. Type 2 diabetes, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and heartRead MoreEating Disorders : Eating Disorder Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesthat eating disorders are a lifestyle choice. However, eating disorders are a group of serious conditions in which a person is preoccupied with food and weight that they often cannot focus on anything else. Amongst all the eating disorder the main types are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder, which are all psychological illnesses. The disorders vary between eating extremely small amounts of food, to no t eating at all, or to severely overeating. Each of these eating disordersRead MoreEssay on Biochemical Correlates of Anorexia and Bulimia1070 Words   |  5 Pagesdangerous eating disorder characterized by distorted body image, obsession with food and weight, drastic reduction in food intake often to the point of starvation, and extreme weight loss (1). Bulimia nervosa is a somewhat similar eating disorder more specifically characterized by recurring episodes of uncontrollable binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting or abuse of laxatives or diuretics (2). The vast majority - more than 90 percent - of those afflicted with eating disorders are adolescentRead MoreEating Disorders And Their Effects On Victims Of Them1281 Words   |  6 Pagesthoughts someone suffering an eating disorder hear every second of a day. In this essay, I will explain eating disorders and their effects on victims of them. Eating disorders are major health risks, and can be life-threatening. Eating disorders are defined as abnormal eating habits and extreme worry about one’s body image. They are mental illnesses that exist in both males and females, but are most commonly seen in females between the ages of 12-25. Eating disorders are not only about losing weightRead MoreEating Disorders : Eating Behavior And Weight Regulation1034 Words   |  5 PagesEating disorders feature serious disturbances in eating behavior and weight regulation. Associated with a wide range of adverse psychological, physical, and social consequences; eating disorders include severe distress or concern about body weight and shape. Eating disorders are more than simply watching your weight or dieting, they include characteristics such as skipping meals, excessive exercise and overeating. Eating disorders are serious emotional and physical issues with life-threateningRead MoreEating Disorders Affecting Our Image of Beauty; Research Paper1992 Words   |  8 Pagessuffer from eating disorders are starving themselves or eating then purging to get rid of the food. These are serious and isn’t something that can simply be stopped by just eating a normal diet again. On the other side of the spectrum there are people that have another type of eating disorder that’s the exact opposite, these people have suffered from over eating and allowing their bodies to grow to an unhealthy size that causes serious health issues and possibly death (Eating Disorders). Body Image

Digital Computers Are Not Capable Of Genuine Understanding

Introduction I am going to argue that Searle is correct to claim that digital computers are not capable of genuine understanding. I believe computers are told what to do without any genuine understanding of what the computers are doing. It is impossible for a computer programmed machine to think. Word Count: 48 Exposition Searle believes that machines have no way of genuinely understanding of what they are doing. He believes that the mind and body are one and there is no way of a computer interacting the same way a mind and body interact. The mind acts on causal factors that we have learned from past experiences and emotions. In the Searle’s thought experiment; The Chinese Room, Searle wants to answer if the machine literally†¦show more content†¦All the computer is doing is spitting out predetermined answers to questions received. The Chinese room experiment fails to produce understanding because computer operations are proper in that they only respond to the physical form of the symbols. Minds on the other hand have states with meaning, and they associate those physical symbols to a meaning. So although computers may be able to manipulate those symbols to produce appropriate responses to natural language input, they do not understand the sentences they receive or output, f or they cannot associate meanings with the words. Searle then supposes that he is in a closed room and has a book with an English version of the computer program. He could receive Chinese characters through a slot in the door, follow the program’s instructions and process them accordingly, and produce Chinese characters as output. If the computer had passed the Turing test this way, it follows, says Searle, that he would do so as well, simply by running the program manually. Searle does not know how to write or speak Chinese and states that he would not know the difference between Chinese symbols from Japanese symbols. There is essentially no difference between the role of the machine and himself. They are both using the same method of reaching the same answer. After this hypothetical experiment, Searle still does not know how to write, read or speak the Chinese

The Two Main Characters Louise Mallard and Emily Grierson...

A compare and contrast Essay In the short stories Story of an Hour and A Rose for Emily, the two main characters Louise Mallard and Emily Grierson are both similar and dissimilar. These two characters lived in similar ideological societies and they shared a similar pattern of development. But also they differed in their goals and how they thought they could achieve their goals. First, Emily Grierson and Louise Mallard both shared a common shackle, the society in which they lived. Both Emily and Louise were women, and they both lived in times where society defined them by their male counterparts. The expectations of women in those days were cooking, cleaning, dining, other household chores. Women were also expected to be married in†¦show more content†¦Emily Grierson experienced a similar transformation. She started out unhappy as a single woman in her middle ages. Her unique sense of happiness was found in Homer Barren, and unlikely suitor from the north. She began making preparations for her future life with homer. She bought him a silver toilet set and dress clothes. Emily Grierson’s development was similar to that of Louise Mallard, hower Emily was more complicated and her development was: unhappy, happy, unhappy, happy. Though Emily and Louise have their similarities they also have their differences. Louise Mallard thought that self-assertion was the strongest impulse of her being. This proves that Louise Mallard’s ultimate goal was to be accepted by society as a solitary woman, and the only way for her to achieve that goal was for her husband to die and for her to become a widow. Emily’s ultimate goals were to be accepted by her father, and to be accepted by herself. The evidence clearly shows that she thought highly of her father. When he died, she claimed that he wasn’t dead and she would not let anyone move his body for three days. And as for herself, it would most definitely be beneath her own standards if she was unable to get married. The narrator stated that even the town’s people didn’t believe she would turn down every offer she got. The trait that stands out the most when contrasting these two women is their mental health. Though it is notShow MoreRelatedThe Story of an Hour and a Rose for Emily Essay2219 Words   |  9 PagesA Rose for Emily Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour and William Faulkners A Rosefor Emily both characterize the nature of marriage and womanhood bydelving into the psyches of their female protagonists. Also, althoughChopin makes no clear reference to geographic locale in The Story of anHour, both authors usually set their stories in the American South, whichimpacts these characterizations. These two tales share many other points ofreference in common. For instance, Mrs. Mallard in The Story

Mrs. Mallards Moment of Illumination in Story Of An Hour

MRS. MALLARD’S â€Å"BRIEF MOMENT OF ILLUMINATION† Mrs. Mallard’s brief moment of illumination is a very deep and touching story about a lady who is forced to be married to a man she did not really know and did not love deeply with all her heart, as if she is bound with unhappiness for life! Now she has been liberated. The narrator portrays that was feeling a kind of freedom that she could not describe, but does not know how to deal with it. In this essay matters such as this freedom she was feeling, the little love she had for her husband, the monstrous joy she was feeling will be discussed. Matters such as women’s issues and their feelings towards life and death are also included in this essay. These matters are all part of Mrs.†¦show more content†¦Mrs. Mallard was the complete opposite of her sister. Josephine helped her sister to deal with the death of her husband, but she did not want any help or guidance on how to deal with this feeling she was feeling. Mrs. Mallard also had troubles with her heart, so t hese feelings were not good for her physically. Mrs. Mallard had no freedom in the time that her husband lived. She never knew what freedom felt like. The smell, the breath, the sense of freedom†¦ When Mrs. Mallard found out about her husband’s death, she acted strangely, a moment of shock, but was it a moment of joy? This was the inner conflict she was fighting inside of her emotions. While she was in her room, alone, she was running through her emotions. The narrator is portraying her emotions in a very clear way. Mrs. Mallard has, before her husband’s death, no power of choice and was bound to one type of life, but after the death she is released and receives freedom, but she does not know how to deal with this sense feeling, a â€Å"monstrous joy†. The society assumes Mrs. Mallard is overwhelmed with grief and sadness, while she has locked herself in her room. Mrs. Mallard’s thoughts were screaming in her mind â€Å"Free, Free, Freedom!!†, but now she is feeling as if she has abandoned herself and her husband. This brings to the story structural irony. The irony in this context is that sheShow MoreRelated Mrs Mallards Experience of Freedom in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin1707 Words   |  7 PagesMrs Mallards Experience of Freedom in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin In The Story of an Hour, Mrs Mallard, who has a heart attack is the main protagonist. Like any ordinary women, she is a normal housewife who depends on her husband. The news of her husbands death gives her freedom and sets her free from restraints, marriage and a lifetime of dependency. Kate Chopin uses several techniques to create the image of how freedom affects Mrs Mallard. At firstRead MoreThe Story of a Widow in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour Essay840 Words   |  4 Pagesblind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.† Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is the story of a woman’s reaction to the news of her husband’s passing. Mrs. Louise Mallard is a young woman most would conclude to be saddened by the passing of her husband. Yet it is in that very moment we find her true feelings. Kate Chopin was born Katherine O’Flaherty on February 8, 1850 in St. Louis Missouri. She was the only child bornRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1060 Words   |  5 PagesShort Story Analysis ‘The Story of An Hour’ is a short story by Kate Chopin written in 1894. The story follows the character of Mrs. Mallard, or Louise, through her journey of discovering the news of her husband’s death in a railroad disaster from his friend Richards, in the presence of her sister, Josephine, and realizing her own freedom as a result. With the element of feminism abundant in the story, the author manages to carve a powerful narrative, with equally powerful symbolism, revolving aroundRead MoreStory Of An Hour Conflict Analysis1087 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story, â€Å"Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, is centered around a young married woman named Mrs. Mallard, who is dangerously ill. When it is heard her husband died in an accident, her sister, Josephine and their family friend, Bentley must break the news to her, which is not easy, since she has a heart condition. When they finally tell her the news, Mrs. Mallard is flushed with an influx of different emotions regarding her husbands recent death and it is safe to say that what can be calledRead MoreThe, Open Window, And The Husband, By Kate Chopin1615 Words   |  7 Pagesimagery and cyclical stories to provoke deep observation into the issues into the human psyche, which was a time where women were not considered equal to that of men. Although contrast and natural imagery are uniquely placed in Chopin’s original work for magazines such as, Vogue, this perspective will be on cyclical passages, she created in her short stories. Fate, â€Å"open window†, and the husband, Mr. Mallard are three cyclical themes created in Chopin’s piece,† The story of an Hour†. Unknowingly to theRead More The Character of Mrs. Mallard in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin713 Words   |  3 PagesThe Character of Mrs. Mallard in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin In The story of an Hour, Kate Chopin reveals the complex character, Mrs. Mallard, In a most unusual manner. THe reader is led to believe that her husband has been killed in a railway accident. The other characters in the story are worried about how to break the news to her; they know whe suffers from a heart condition, and they fear for her health. On the surface, the story appears to be about how Mrs. Mallard dealsRead MoreLiterary Criticism of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour1338 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Criticism and the Story of an Hour Literary criticism gives the reader the tools to see literature in new ways. Each type focuses on different components of the story and asks the reader to examine a given text for ques. When an analysis is performed in a given critical style, a whole new perspective of the text becomes available. Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour is an account of a marriage in the late 19th century. Mrs. Louise Mallard is identified by her marriage and she allows herselfRead MoreKate Chopins The Story of an Hour and Feminism in the 1800s 1318 Words   |  6 Pagesshort story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, which is a story that portrays women’s lack of freedom in the1800s. Women had no rights, and had to cater to all of their husband’s needs. The main character in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is a woman who suffers from heart trouble, named Mrs. Mallard. When Mrs. Mallard was told about her husband’s death, she was initially emotional, but because of he r husband’s death she reaped freedom and became swept away with joy. The story is ironic because Mrs. MallardRead More A Woman Who Is a Person in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour1058 Words   |  5 PagesA Woman Who Is a Person in The Story of an Hour  Ã‚     Ã‚   In her book, The Faces of Eve, Judith Fryer writes, In the last year of the nineteenth century a woman succeeded where men had failed: Kate Chopin created . . . a woman who is a person. Chopin’s short story, The Story of an Hour, openly portrays the true feelings of a woman who feels trapped inside her marriage. In the period in which she lived, there were only two alternatives for her to achieve the much desired personal freedom—eitherRead More Eternal Life Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesEternal Life 1 Is there life after death? In Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Mrs. Mallard â€Å"is drinking the elixir of life through her open window.† It is possible that this very elixir provides Mrs. Mallard with her freedom through eternal life. Through Chopin’s use of characterization, conflict, and symbols, the author reveals the theme that like Mrs. Mallard, some people can achieve freedom through eternal life. [Does eternal life here mean life after death, or, as in Dr. Heideggers

Career Development Strategies

Question: Write an essay on Career Development Strategies. Answer: Bill Gates was an intelligent entrepreneur and always believed that one can achieve anything by applying his intelligence. From childhood, he was ambitious and competitive and he wanted to do something that no one has ever done. This characteristic of Bill Gates justifies Trait-Factor theory of career development. His vision was legendary and unique as he dreamed about a computer on every desk and Microsoft software on every operating system. He decided not to stop until he could achieve his goals. This goal setting quality of Bill Gates can be compared with the Krumboltz Social Learning Theory of Career Choice (Lyness Erkovan, 2016). Innovation was his primary tool and based on his innovative ideas and with the help of his childhood friend Allen, Bill Gates released a version of FORTRAN language for microcomputers in the year of 1977. On year later, Gates introduced a version of COBOL and emerged as a market leader. This innovative or artistic phenomenon of Bill Gates is similar to the Hollands Career Typology Theory where artistic quality is considered as a unique and important quality of ones personality (Lyness Erkovan, 2016). Throughout his career, Bill Gates was also known as risk bearer as he never hesitated before dropping out of Harvard to devote his all the energies to Microsoft. Even after starting the company in 1975, he never stopped learning new things. By understanding the need for the people and demand of the market, he kept making changes in his organization, plans and services (Conklin et al., 2013). Supers Life-Span Theory states that same as it believes that human change is continuous that depends on the experiences they face at various life stages. This theory is again relevant to Bill Gates career as he kept making changes and enhanced his approaches even when IBM pulled out of the contract for the operating system that was to be bundled with the IBM Clone PCs (Mitravich, 2015). Even after this huge loss, he stayed on and focused on crea ting better versions of Windows (Pryor Bright, 2012). Bill Gates not only devoted his life in upgrading information technology but also contributed largely in social prosperities. He along with his wife Melinda Gates established Bill Melinda Gates Foundation in the year of 2000 with an aim to enhance healthcare and reduce poverty. This social act of Bill can again be compared with Hollands Career Typology Theory. While discussing personal values, Bill Gates showed a great deal of creativity to bring change and variety in the world of information technology. With supreme honesty towards his fellow workers, he applied his knowledge and created Microsoft Corp. with an aim to provide personal computers to the people of the world (Whyte et al., 2012). That is the reason that I admire this person, as the traits followed by him are the same that I want to throughout my professional life. Richard Branson is famous for his characteristic that allows him to step outside his comfort zone into new industries to face unique challenges (Alter, 2014). His journey began when in the year of 1968 he started a student magazine, which was followed by the establishment of The Virgin Mail Order in the year of 1971. This approach of Richard is similar to what stated in Hollands Career Typology theory of career development. In the year of 1981, he launched Virgin gaming organization and in 1984, he established Virgin Airlines, which shows that during different stages of his life, Richard experienced different roles. This phenomenon of his life is similar to the Supers Life-Span Theory of career development (Mitravich, 2015). However, he did not stop after this and added more diversity to his business by adding Virgin radio station in 1993; Virgin Cola is 1994, Virgin bridal wear in 1996 and Virgin trains in 1997 with in the brand name of Virgin (virgin.com, 2014). This much diversity and innovation in one person is extremely rare and can be compared with Hollands Career Typology Theory (Conklin et al., 2013). In spite of devoting, almost all his life to developing his business, Richard Branson never stepped back from social works. He always valued the importance of society and tried to contribute as much as he could to the same. Some examples are The Mia Farrow Pseudo Hunger Strike and The Trip around the world in a Balloon. This unique pattern of Richard to contribute to the society can be compared with the Trait-Factor theory of career development. He is also a visionary leader as he set a goal to not to pay taxes and that is why he successfully undercut the prices of well-developed retailers by avoiding the payment of purchase worth 500,000 in todays money (Meijers et al., 2013). This goal-setting characteristic of Richard Branson is something that is mentioned in the Krumboltz Social Learning Theory of Career Choice. From the above discussion on Richard Bransons career, it is clear that throughout his life he was a follower of adventure, competition, entrepreneurialism and fun. Innovation was another phenomenon that allowed Richard to jump into various business industries one by one. One of his major personal values is flexibility in the workplace. In Netflix, the employees are allowed to take as many holidays as they want without providing any prior notice to the management (virgin.com, 2014). Richard introduced this idea, as he believes in influencing the employees by different types of motivational practices. This act of Richard supports the theory of Krumbolzs Social Learning Theory of Career Choice. Richard, while doing his job with perfection also took proper care for his family. He always managed to take some time out of his family through delegations. He bought Necker Island in a bid only to impress his wife Joan during the time of their 40th anniversary. That clearly indicates his attach ment with his family, which allowed him maintain a work-life balance. References Alter, S. (2014). How to market like Richard Branson.Journal of Property Management,79(6), 14-15. Conklin, A. M., Dahling, J. J., Garcia, P. A. (2013). Linking Affective Commitment, Career Self-Efficacy, and Outcome Expectations A Test of Social Cognitive Career Theory.Journal of Career Development,40(1), 68-83. Lyness, K. S., Erkovan, H. E. (2016). The Changing Dynamics of Careers and the WorkFamily Interface.The Oxford Handbook of Work and Family, 376. Meijers, F., Kuijpers, M., Gundy, C. (2013). The relationship between career competencies, career identity, motivation and quality of choice.International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance,13(1), 47-66. Mitravich, C. (2015). The Virgin Way: Everything I Know about Leadership.Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship,20(1), 111. Pryor, R. G., Bright, J. E. (2012). The value of failing in career development: A chaos theory perspective.International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance,12(1), 67-79. Whyte, R., Prideaux, B., Sakata, H. (2012). The evolution of Virgin Australia from a low-cost carrier to a full-service airline-implications for the tourism industry.Advances in hospitality and leisure,8, 215-231.

Great Ages Essay Example For Students

Great Ages Essay When we think of history we dont often think of art. We dont realize how the history of art can help us learn more about the people, the cultures, and the belief systems of those who lived hundreds and thousands of years before us. Art has developed, influenced, and contributed starting from the great Stone Age to the present day. Art gives an insight into the changes and evolution that man and culture have gone through to become what is today. Art is culture, art is the essence of the people who make it and the best way to appreciate art is to look at the history of it and its evolvement through time. The Great Ages consists of four distinct ages: The Old Stone Age, The New Stone Age, The Bronze Age, and The Iron Age. These four Great Ages is the complete history of art from the beginning to the present day. Each age is named characteristically for the type of material used for that time. Stone was used in the Old and New Stone age, bronze in the Bronze Age, and iron in the Iron Age. The Great Ages began with The Old Stone Age starting at 100,000 BCE. The people lived in tribes and clans and often moved from place to place, hunting and gathering to live. They believed all life was sacred and all beings were divine, including animals. The tribal teachings taught that man and nature are one. Hunting and gathering was a sacred ritual because they would often believe they were at one with the animal being hunted. Shamens and shamenesses, spiritual healers and seers between the people and spirits of animals, would often lead hunts and call forth the spirit of the animal to which they would ask the animal to offer their life willingly for a successful hunt. An illustration in Art Through The Ages, 1-4, Hall of the Bulls found in Lasacux, c 15,000-13,000 b. c. Largest bull approx. 116 long a beautiful cave painting of Bulls. It shows how sacred these animals were to the people. The painter took the time not only to paint such a true to nature image but also purposely put it in a remote location hundreds of feet above the entrance. The location of the painting suggest that it was used as a spiritual image that perhaps shamans would use to communicate with the spirit of the animal. The Shamans were necessary to the tribe, not only for healing and for favorable hunts but also for communing with the Great Goddess, who represents all forms of life. The Great Goddess is the pivotal figure among the tribal people. She is worshiped and prayed to in hopes that she is fertile and fruitful for, She is the lone creator of all that is. She is female in all aspects, but yet she has male powers. Many consider the Great Goddess to be an androgyne because she is self-created, self-fertilizing, and self-existent. She is both male and female. An Androgyne was thought to have achieved balance of reason and intuition, of wisdom and compassion; they are supreme beings. She is the creator of the universe, of life and of death and special rituals would be carried out to insure that she would continue to create. One of the first images of the Great Goddess is represented in Illustration 1-8 Venus of Willendorf Australia, c 28,000-23,000 b. c. Limestone, approx. 4ÂÂ ¼ high. Naturhistorisches museum, Vienna. She is only 4 inches tall, but a very sacred piece of sculpture. Her body is significantly voluptuous, representing fertility. She appears to be pregnant and her breasts heavy with milk. She is faceless, emphasizing that She is everything. She has no particularity, no image, because she is beyond particularization, she is everything known to man in the universe. As 10,000 BCE came around so came about the starting of the New Stone Age and the end of the Old. In the Old Stone Age, the Great Goddess, alone made the universe, but as the New Stone Age emerged, it was thought that she needed a male partner. This is one of the significant differences between the Old and New Stone age. Art Of The Ancient Greeks, Romans And Christians EssayTribalism was slowly being replaced by individualism, where we was turning into I and where sprit and matter are not longer one but separate. Great changes occurred in the Iron Age, which started in the West in 1200 BCE and spread and still continues, to the present day. The Iron Age came into being with the use of iron in tool and weapon making. With weapon increasingly stronger and more advanced; violence and destruction and hence power began to over take the mind set of many people; leading to destruction and barbaric acts. These barbarians were warriors who gave little or no regard to the Goddess. They saw females as mere objects and pieces of property. The once Great Goddess was no longer sacred. It was due to her worship that spirited gender equality in the Stone and Bronze Age. The Iron Age became primarily male oriented, which in turn changed many aspects of the culture from past history. The Iron Age consists of stages; beginning with the Early Iron Age starting 1500/1200 BCE, where Greek art was very dominant. The art itself was very individualistic and had become secular. Artists were painting for themselves and in a very optical realistic way. Artists who were eager to show the individualism of their subjects were creating full human forms, free standing, and secular. An example of such a subject is Michaelangelos David, 22-19 1501-1504. Marble, 143 high. Galleria dellAccademia, Florence. One of the significant developments in the later part of the Early Iron Age was the rise of monotheistic cultures of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Monotheisum emerged from within a male dominated society, where priestesses, women, played no roles in religious matters as they once had in the Ages before, now only priests remain. Gender balance had come to an end. The Great Goddess was completely pushed out; putting to an end the great partnership that had been the essence of so many cultures. At the end only one God remained who was solely male. With the fall of Rome in 500 CE so marked the end of the Early Iron Age and the beginning of the Middle Iron Age. The fall of Rome had little impact on Christianity; churches began popping up, with extravagant gothic architecture. Many churches had high volt ceilings; attached figures that seem almost unattached as if floating alongside the edifice and stained glass windows that were mystically illuminated with the suns rays. 3-29 Interior of Ste. -Chapelle, 13-33 St. Martin, St. Jerome, and St Gregory, c. 1220-1230, from the Porch of the Confessors, Chartres Cathedral France.. The beginning of the Renaissance around 1500 CE is considered the start of the Late Iron Age, which is still on going. The Renaissance was the age of enlightenment the rebirth of learning and culture where men were going beyond their ability, where artists were considered geniuses, and private pleasure became the subject of art. Great artists like Leonardo de Vinci, Raphael, and Titian emerged from the great period of the Renaissance; they were not only geniuses, but also great individual intellects, who defined the greatness of art. Individualism still prevails today and is the very core of modern society. Male-dominated societies still exist, but slowly the demand for equality is changing that. During the Four Great Ages, many things have changed, many things have been lost, but time has not taken a sudden halt, nor the art; people, cultures, and mentalities continue to grow and change, and from growth comes greatness.